# FAQ:Recording - Troubleshooting

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### Why can I not record in Windows Vista, Windows 7 or Windows 8?

On new Windows Vista, Windows 7 or Windows 8 systems, you may receive "error opening sound device" when you try to record, and/or have no audio input devices (or only "microphone") in Device Toolbar.

To investigate this, exit Audacity then right-click over the Speaker icon by the system clock and choose Recording Devices. This opens the Recording tab of "Sound" in the Windows Control Panel. Show then enable all the disconnected and disabled input devices. For detailed instructions, see Using the Control Panel on the Audacity Wiki.

Many new Windows laptop, notebook or netbook computers only have a single audio input port. This will often be a mono port only meant for microphones. On some machines this single port may also be able to accept stereo line level input which is essential to record from standalone cassette decks or HiFi systems. See "How to connect your equipment" before connecting high output devices to a sole input.

See also:

- Can Audacity record YouTube, internet radio or other streaming audio?

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### Why can’t I hear what I’m recording?

To listen while Audacity is recording, enable what is known as hardware or software playthrough as explained below. If you use software playthrough and want to listen to the input without recording it, you must also left-click in the right-hand (recording) section of Meter Toolbar to turn on monitoring.

#### Windows and Linux

Open the computer's volume control panel. In the playback section, turn off the “mute” checkbox or button for your recording source (usually “microphone” or “line in”) then turn its volume up. This is known as hardware playthrough. You will be able to hear the recording with very little playthrough latency.

If this does not work, open the Audacity Preferences. In the Recording section on the left, put a checkmark in the “Software Playthrough” box and click OK. You can also turn Software Playthrough on and off in the Transport Menu. This type of playthrough has latency, so you will hear what you are recording a noticeable time afterwards. You could also experience audio breakup.

#### Mac OS X

Open the Audacity Preferences. In the Recording section on the left, put a checkmark in the “Software Playthrough” box and click OK. You can also turn Software Playthrough on and off in the Transport Menu.

- If Software Playthrough has too much latency, you could try turning it off and enabling "Hardware Playthrough" instead. Unfortunately, with most modern Mac hardware, no audio is actually produced using this option.
- If Software Playthrough does not produce audio, try the free LineIn application.

For professional multi-track recordings you may find that Audacity's Software Playthrough has unacceptable latency.

- If the computer's built-in sound device lacks hardware playthrough, you can buy an external USB or Firewire device and hardware monitor through its headphones jack with near zero latency.
- Alternatively, lower latency software playthrough may be possible using the computer sound device.

For details, see our Tutorial - Recording Multi-track Overdubs.

See also:

- Why have I lost sound after connecting a USB device on Windows?

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### Why do my recordings fade out or sound as if they were made in a tunnel?

This issue is common on new Windows Vista, Windows 7 and Windows 8 machines and can occasionally occur on newer Mac computers. It can also occur on other machines if the sound device is applying an effect or a corrective enhancement.

- If the recording is fading out after a few seconds, look for a "Noise Suppression" setting you can turn off in the Recording side of the sound device settings.
- If the recording sounds like it was made in a tunnel, look for an "Echo Cancellation" setting you can turn off.
  - If there is no echo cancellation setting or it doesn't help, look for "Environment" sound effects in the Playback side of the sound device settings - these will affect recordings of computer playback and sometimes other recordings too.

To change settings on Windows Vista, Windows 7 or Windows 8:

1. Right-click over the Speaker icon by the system clock then choose Recording Devices to open the Recording tab of "Sound"
2. Right-click over Microphone and choose Properties
3. There will probably be an Enhancements tab where you can disable all or selected "Sound Effects" - if needs be, also look in the Levels or Custom tabs
4. If you need to change environment settings, click the Playback tab in the main window of "Sound", right-click over Speakers, choose Properties then click the Enhancements tab.

If there are no settings to change, or on older versions of Windows, go to the "Sound" or similar section of the Windows Control Panel and look for a custom control panel for your sound device.

On Mac OS X:

1. Navigate Apple Menu > System Preferences > Hardware > Sound
2. Choose the "Input" tab and ensure that "Use ambient noise reduction" is unchecked.

Unwanted fading or poor quality can sometimes be caused by inappropriate or outdated sound device drivers. For help, see our Wiki page Updating Sound Device Drivers.

See also:

- Why does playback go quiet when I record or adjust the input volume?

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### Why is my new track out of sync with the previous ones, or sounds crackly or at wrong pitch?

When you make an overdub recording (listening to an existing track while recording a new one), computers can't lay down what you record at the exact instant you sing or play in response to the beat. Therefore without intervention, the recording inevitably gets laid down after the beat. Audacity tries to correct for this "recording latency" automatically by pushing the recorded track backwards after recording stops, but further adjustment may be needed.

If a new track is not synchronized with the others, you can zoom in and use Time Shift Tool ( shortcut F5 ) to drag the track to the correct location. If you are doing a lot of overdubbing, try our Latency Test to set a custom value for Audacity's latency correction which can then be applied in Recording Preferences.

Tutorial - Recording Multi-track Overdubs gives a step-by-step guide for manually correcting for latency.

Recording while playing is much more demanding for the sound device than simply recording. Hardware and sound driver problems or sample rate mismatches between Audacity, the operating system and the sound device can cause poor audio quality or make tracks play and record at different speeds. If a new track is being recorded at a different speed, it will progressively drift apart from the beat of the other tracks, so latency correction will never synchronize it correctly along its entire length.

To fix speed drift, pitch and quality problems, try the following tips.

- Use the same device for playback and recording.
- Set the Project Rate bottom left of the Audacity screen to 44100 Hz (or if your sound card only uses a particular rate such as 48000 Hz, set the project rate to that). Look at Help > Audio Device Info... to see the rates the device claims to support.
- If you are on Windows Vista, Windows 7 or Windows 8, set the Audacity project rate to the same rate as the Default Format for your sound device. To view the "Default Format", go to the Windows Control Panel, select the Playback" and "Recording" tabs in turn, right-click over a device entry > Properties, and look in the "Advanced" tab. If the playback and recording format rates are different, make them the same. Also make sure the number of recording channels set in the Audacity Preferences matches with that specified in Default Format.
- Select Windows DirectSound as the "host" in Device Toolbar in Audacity and on the "Advanced" tab of "Sound" in the Windows Control Panel ensuring both boxes for Exclusive Mode are checked.
- Make sure the rate of the pre-existing tracks (as stated above the mute/solo buttons) is the same as the project rate. Select the tracks and click Tracks > Resample... to resample the track to the project rate.
- Ensure your computer sound device has up-to-date drivers specifically intended for your particular computer model and operating system, as provided by the motherboard or sound device manufacturer.
- If you are recording with a USB or Firewire interface, sample rates and number of recording channels must be the same everywhere. Match the Audacity project rate and the number of recording channels set in the Audacity preferences with those specified:
  - in the Windows Control Panel or Apple Audio MIDI Setup
  - in any software control panel the device has
  - on any hardware control the device has
- If you receive crackling while playing and recording, try increasing the "Audio to buffer" setting in Recording Preferences.
- If you suspect recording dropouts as the cause of loss of synchronisation, read our tips about managing computer resources.
- To fix recordings already made which are out of step with other tracks, you can use Effect > Change Speed...; only a very modest speed change will be needed.

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### Why can't I record my electronic keyboard using the USB cable?

The USB connection on electronic keyboards or pianos is often a MIDI connection that sends instructions to MIDI software like Finale or Cubase to create notes of a particular pitch and duration. Audacity cannot yet accept MIDI input, so it can only record an audio signal (the actual sound that the keyboard produces).

If your keyboard manual says you can send audio over USB but there is a problem, try tightening or replacing the USB cable, ensure it is connected directly to a spare USB port on the computer, then restart Audacity or the computer.

In the absence of a USB audio output, you can:

- connect from the AUX or Line outputs of the keyboard to the line-in (blue) port of the computer
- If there is no AUX or Line output, connect from the headphones out of the keyboard to computer line-in
- record using a high quality microphone - see Connecting a Microphone.

Connecting from headphones out will disconnect the keyboard speakers. In this case you can use an adaptor that doubles the headphones out, or enable Transport > Software Playthrough (on/off) in Audacity to listen as you record. See Tutorial - Connecting an Instrument for details and images of suitable audio connectors.

Many new laptop computers these days only come with a mono "microphone" (pink) input which will distort if you connect a keyboard to it. Occasionally the pink input can be switched to stereo line level in the audio control panel or may be "compatible" with stereo line level. Check your computer manual or experiment connecting from the keyboard headphones out with the volume turned well down. However in many cases it is preferable to purchase a USB interface with line level input instead.

See also:

- Why can’t I play MIDI files?

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### Why doesn't recording from YouTube (or other streaming audio) work?

See this tutorial: Recording audio playing on the computer.

Rather than recording YouTube videos as they play, consider downloading the YouTube videos directly; search Google for how to do that.

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### Why do I get crackles, pops, or distortion when the recording is loud?

If you hear crackles, pops, or distortion when the recording is loud, or if the waveform is clearly touching the top and bottom edges of the track, you probably have clipping, which means that the signal has exceeded the maximum allowed level.

Try lowering the input level using the Audacity Mixer Toolbar or the slider in the operating system. You can also check to see if you can lower the volume on the input source itself (such as the tape deck, record player or microphone). Many sound cards and USB turntables or USB tape decks have an independent volume control for the output signal level. See Recording with USB turntables for more help with USB turntables or tape decks.

When recording try to aim for a maximum peak of around –6 dB or 0.5 if you have your meters set to linear rather than dB. You can always boost the level later with the Amplify or Normalize effects after you have completed your editing. Enlarging the Meter Toolbar by clicking and dragging on it may help to gauge levels more accurately.

Help with repairing clipping:

If there is only a little bit of clipping (just the tops of a few isolated peaks), Effect > Clip Fix can be applied to just the clipped sections. This will attempt to reconstruct the missing peaks by interpolating the lost signal. In other cases where there is mild distortion throughout a recording, using Effect > Equalization to reduce the higher frequencies can help to mitigate the damage. Sometimes a bass cut will help also by making the result sound less "muddy".

See also:

- Why is the Audacity input slider grayed out on maximum?

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### Why do I see a lot of vertical red lines in the track I just recorded?

This is a visual indication that your recording has clipping. See the immediately previous FAQ above.

The vertical red lines show where the clipping has occurred; these clipping indicators can be turned on and off (Audacity default setting is "off") by selecting View > Show Clipping.

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### Why is the Audacity input slider grayed out on maximum?

The input slider in Mixer Toolbar is purposely disabled if it cannot directly manipulate the operating system's slider for the sound device, or if that device has no system slider. Turning down the Audacity slider to prevent distortion would be inadequate unless it also turned down the system slider. It would only make existing distortion quieter instead of removing it.

If the slider is disabled, check first in Device Toolbar that you are selecting the correct device. Audacity should be able to control the input level of most built-in sound devices subject to the device having appropriate Sound Device Drivers.

If necessary look in the operating system mixer or in the sound card's control panel for an input slider. To locate the system mixer see the help on our Wiki for Windows, Mac OS X or Linux.

External recording devices such as USB turntables or interfaces may not have an operating system slider, especially on Mac OS X. For all cases where there is no system slider, try to adjust the output level on the recording device itself.

See also:

Why do I get crackles, pops, or distortion when the recording is loud?

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### How can I record without small skips or duplications?

If it sounds like recording is skipping, or small fragments are sometimes missing, this means that Audacity can't write the audio to disk fast enough to keep up with what it's recording. You may not hear skips while listening during the recording, but you will hear them on playback.

Audacity settings

- Reduce screen redrawing: Zoom out to at least the entire length you'll be recording, or in Tracks Preferences, uncheck Update display while playing. Turn off View > Show Clipping while recording. Minimize the Audacity window whenever you don't need to see it.
- Turn off Transport > Software Playthrough unless it is essential you hear what is being recorded.
- Increase the default "Audio to buffer" setting of 100 milliseconds in Recording Preferences.
- Reduce the amount of audio data being written: Choose 16-bit Sample Format in Quality Preferences and set input channels to mono in Device Toolbar (unless you need stereo). Either of these actions halves the amount of data Audacity otherwise has to write. A single instrument or solo vocal should usually be recorded in mono and can be panned in the stereo field later using Track Drop-Down Menu.
- Use a local drive with sufficient space: Set the path to the Audacity temporary directory to a local hard drive because these are usually faster than external USB drives. Choose the local drive with the most space. Audacity tells you how much longer you can record for (based on available disk space) in the Status Bar at the bottom of the window.

Computer and hardware

There are many possible actions you can take. Some may have no effect on a skipping problem, others may have a cumulative beneficial effect, so try them all.

- Quit as many other other applications or processes as possible. In particular, stop anti-virus programs scanning the Audacity Temporary Directory. Disconnect from the internet.
- On Windows, regularly defragment your hard disk drive (this should happen automatically on Windows Vista and later, but don't schedule defragmentation during a recording). Disable Windows Update while recording. Consider creating hardware or software profiles that load only essential hardware and services for a recording session.
- Set Audacity to a higher priority in the operating system.
- If you are using a USB recording device. connect directly to a USB port, not a hub.
- Whatever the audio device, ensure it has the latest drivers as supplied by the motherboard or device manufacturer (as appropriate).
- A faster processor or more RAM could help solve the problem.
- Set DMA mode for the hard drive on Windows and Linux, hardware acceleration for the video card and avoid sound card interrupt sharing.

More detailed advice on addressing computer and hardware issues can be found at Managing Computer Resources and Drivers on the Audacity Wiki.

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### Why does my recording keep pausing automatically or why is my recording cursor stuck?

Sound Activated Recording The recording cursor can legitimately appear to be stuck in Audacity if you have accidentally enabled Sound Activated Recording in the Transport Menu and the current recording input is below the threshold level at which recording is set to start. You can tell this is the case because the blue Pause button will be depressed after you press Record.

To disable Sound Activated Recording, click the Transport menu and uncheck Sound Activated Recording (on/off).

To make a Sound Activated recording commence, increase the input level, or reduce the "Activation level" at Transport > Sound Activation Level....

Out of resources If you have not activated Sound Activated Recording and the red recording cursor won't move from the position where you start to record or stalls while recording, this usually means you are out of computer resources.

Rebooting the computer may solve the problem.

For an in-depth approach to resolving this please see the Managing Computer Resources and Drivers page in the Audacity Wiki.

Preferences: Audio to buffer Also check the "Audio to buffer" setting; click Edit > Preferences then click the Recording tab.

This should normally be set to the default of 100 milliseconds; very low settings will prevent the recording starting.

USB turntables and tape decks Reports of recordings from USB turntables freezing or having dropouts are not that uncommon. Generally they are not caused by Audacity, but by poor quality equipment and cables, or lack of sufficient USB bandwidth.

- Check the Project Rate bottom left of the Audacity screen is set to either 44100 or 48000 Hz - setting a very high rate might overload the USB bandwidth and cause transmission problems

- Check the USB cable for tightness at both ends and try using a different cable instead

- Always use a spare USB port, not a hub

- Limit USB bandwidth whilst recording by using other USB devices sparingly e.g. simply disconnecting from the internet may help if you use a USB modem for internet access.

- Check for any system warnings (e.g. in Device Manager in Windows) about the Universal Serial Bus Controllers.

- There have been isolated reports that recordings freeze up if they are attempted whilst the unit's RCA cables are connected to an external input such as a home stereo, although concurrent recording and playing through external equipment is implied as being possible.

Generally, if you find you can record into Audacity without interruption from another source such as a microphone plugged into your computer's microphone port, this implicates the turntable or USB cable. To check if other sources record satisfactorily, go to Device Toolbar and change the Input Device to your inbuilt sound.

If recordings from sources other than the turntable are also freezing or have dropouts, there could be problems with insufficient computer resources, see above. Please see the Managing Computer Resources and Drivers page in the Audacity Wiki for tips on correcting this.

If you're using "software playthrough", it's also possible that problems with your inbuilt sound device (used to play back your recording whilst you are making it) are disrupting the recording. Please look at our list of tips on the Updating Sound Device Drivers Wiki page for help.

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### Why do I get only a flat line and no sound when I try to record?

If the red recording cursor moves across the screen but no waveform is drawn behind it (only a flat line), you need to start from the beginning and set up your recording device and input source properly.

Step 1: input device

Select the input Recording Device you are using (such as microphone or line-in) in the drop-down selector of the Audacity Device Toolbar. The drop-down selector you need is the one with the microphone icon.

If you are plugging a microphone or line-in input directly into the jacks on the computer, or recording computer playback such as internet radio, choose the name of the built-in sound device or sound card.

By default, Windows Vista and 7 only enable the microphone input. You must exit Audacity, then go to "Sound" in the Windows Control Panel to show and enable other inputs before you can record from them. Instructions can be found here in the Wiki.

If you are connecting an external device to the computer, such as a USB sound card, USB microphone or USB turntable, choose "USB Audio Codec" or similar.

Detecting USB and Firewire devices:
If Audacity does not recognise the device, try exiting Audacity and relaunching it, or in current Audacity choose Transport > Rescan Audio Devices. If that does not help:

1. Exit Audacity
2. Unplug all other USB devices, then switch off and unplug the recording device at the USB connection and at the mains (on Windows, use the "Safely Remove Hardware" icon in the System Tray)
3. Plug the recording device into a spare USB port (not a USB hub), and switch it on
4. Wait a few minutes then completely shut down the computer and restart it
5. When the computer has finished rebooting, launch Audacity.

Setting sample rates for USB/ Firewire interfaces:
It's important to set the same sample rate in the project rate bottom left of the Audacity window, in the operating system mixer, in any settings in the device's control panel and on any controls on the device itself.

Step 2: output device

Also in the drop-down selector of the Audacity Device Toolbar select the output devive you are using, usually this will be your computer's on-board sound card. The drop-down selector you need this time is the one with the loudspeaker icon.

Step 3: channels

In the Audacity Device Toolbar set the Recording Channels to 1 (mono) or 2 (stereo) as required.

Step 4: input signal level

In the Mixer Toolbar, adjust the input level using the input slider (the one that has the "microphone" symbol) in conjunction with the recording level meters on the Meter Toolbar to set the correct recording level before starting to record for real.

If the Audacity input slider does not control the recording level of the device, use the slider in the operating system instead. This is usually accessed by a loudspeaker icon near the system clock.

Further Help

- Input source unavailable/unselectable, or records incorrectly: Try selecting it instead in the system mixer - see the help for Windows, OS X or Linux.
- Recording computer playback: See the special help for Windows, OS X or Linux.

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### Why do I get a periodic noise every 6 - 12 seconds?

Audacity writes to disk roughly every 6 or 12 seconds, depending on your preferences settings. If you hear a funny noise in the background that's relatively consistent every 6 - 12 seconds, it means that your soundcard is picking up the noise from your hard drive.

See Improving recording quality in the Audacity Wiki, because you'll probably need to find a better driver or upgrade your hardware.

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### How can I prevent or correct unbalanced stereo recording?

Settings and connections

If your recording source is stereo, make sure Audacity is set to record in stereo using Device Toolbar. Your recorded track will then say "Stereo" in its Track Control Panel and two channels, left above right, will be displayed when you press the Record button.

If your source is mono but Audacity is set to record in stereo, it is often best to change Audacity to record in mono using Device Toolbar. Otherwise, you will usually have a silent right channel (or sometimes, two identical channels according to the sound device).

For an intended stereo recording, ensure physical recording connections (plugs and sockets) are tight and clean. Ensure that any balance controls, for example on your mixer or amplifier, are centrally placed.

Make sure the left and right channels are balanced in the system mixer. On Windows this is the recording section of Sound, Sounds and Audio Devices or similar in the Windows Control Panel. The most direct route to the control panel for sound is usually to right-click over the speaker icon by the system clock. On Mac OS X 10.2 or later, go to Applications > Utilities > Audio-MIDI Setup: Audio Devices.

Normalize

If you cannot correct the imbalance at the input stage this can be corrected by using the Normalize effect after the recording has been made.

1. In Audacity, click the Track Control Panel where it says "Stereo" to select all the audio of the track, then click Effect > Normalize....
2. In the dialog box, put a check mark in Normalize maximum amplitude to: and type the amplitude level you require (-6 dB is a good choice if you have further editing to do).
3. Put a check mark in Normalize stereo channels independently. Then press the OK button.

This will adjust the volume of each channel independently so that both have the same maximum (peak) level (in our example, the peak is 6 dB less than the distortion level).

Custom balancing

Sometimes the track may still sound louder in one channel than the other, even after normalizing. This usually happens because of the content. For example, one channel may have more deep bass sounds which are naturally louder, or one channel may be mostly quiet but have one loud peak.

To adjust each channel to its own peak volume, click the downward-pointing arrow in the Track Control Panel to open the Track Drop-Down Menu then choose "Split Stereo Track". Click on "Left" in the Track Control Panel of the upper track to select it, then use Effect > Amplify... and choose your required New Peak Amplitude. Click OK, then amplify the right channel to your chosen New Peak Amplitude. To rejoin the channels into one track, use the Track Drop-Down Menu again and choose "Make Stereo Track".

Custom rebalancing can also be carried out during playback while the track is split into two channels, using the Gain Slider on each channel. This method can lead to distortion, so check that the green VU Playback Meter in Meter Toolbar does not show the red clipping indicator. As soon as you are happy with the balance, use Tracks > Mix and Render to render the gain changes and rejoin the stereo track.

If the sound remains unbalanced due to a few loud peaks, you could instead use Effect > Compressor... on the unsplit stereo track to reduce the difference between loud and soft.

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### Why is the recorded waveform not centered on the horizontal line at 0.0?

Cause and impact

This off-setting of a signal from zero is known as DC offset; a signal with DC offset would appear in the Audacity default Waveform view not centered on the 0.0 horizontal line.

A sound that has DC offset will not be at its loudest possible volume when normalized or ampli (because the offset consumes headroom). This problem can possibly extend to the mix as a whole, since a sound with DC offset and a sound without DC offset will have DC offset when mixed.

DC offset can cause inaudible low level distortion (which becomes audible when other filters are applied or if the sound is compressed upon export). It can cause clicks at the start and end or distortion after running effects.

Removal

If this is the case with your recording, to remove the DC off-set use Effect > Normalize.

Put a check mark in the Remove any DC offset... box but leave the Normalize maximum amplitude.. box unchecked and then press the OK button.

Hardware upgrade

The normal cause of DC offset is a faulty, or poor, sound card. So it may be worthwhile considering upgrading your computer's on-board sound card or purchasing an external sound card.

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